免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

全文翻譯版!

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

事實資訊題(細節題)

這類問題要求考生判斷在文章中明確陳述的資訊。考察作者在文章中某個部分提到的事實、定義、細節。一般不涉及文章的主旨大意。

做題的一般方法:

細讀題幹,找定位詞。(專有名詞;X + 方面?)

回到原文,讀相關句。

提取資訊,鎖定選項。

根據題幹,層層篩選。

以託福TPO原題為例:

According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of climax communities?

根據第四段,下列哪一項關於成熟群落的敘述是正確的?

A。 They are more resilient than pioneer communities。

A: 它們比初級群落更容易恢復。

B。 They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities。

B: 它們既是最穩定的又是最不穩定的群落。

C。 They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances。

C: 它們是穩定的是因為他們可以很快地從大災難中恢復。

D。 They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time。

D: 它們是最具恢復性的群落因為它們隨著時間變化最小。

關鍵詞:climax communities

這一步應該很簡單,下面看原文。

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

TPO -3 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems

TPO-3 生態系統長期穩定性

Paragraph 4: The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however。

然而,生態系統穩定性這個問題很複雜。

The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what “stability” means。

第一個問題就是生態學家對於穩定性的含義有不同的意見。

Stability can be defined as simply lack of change。

穩定性可以簡單地定義為缺乏變化。

In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time。

那樣的話,成熟群落就是最穩定的。因為根據定義,成熟群落隨著時間變化最小。

Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire。

或者,穩定性也可以定義為生態系統在一場災難比如火災後,恢復到一種特定形態的速度。

This kind of stability is also called resilience。

這種穩定性也稱為恢復力穩定性。

In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state。

那樣的話,成熟群落就是最脆弱和最不穩定的。因為它們需要幾百年的時間迴歸到成熟狀態。

相關句有兩句話

In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable。

那樣的話,成熟群落就是最穩定的。

In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable。

那樣的話,成熟群落就是最脆弱和最不穩定的。

這兩句話形式上相似,說的是climax communities的兩個方面。一是the most stable

一是the least stable ;請看選項:

A。 They are more resilient than pioneer communities。

A: 它們比初級群落更容易恢復。

B。 They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities。

B: 它們既是最穩定的又是最不穩定的群落。

C。 They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances。

C: 它們是穩定的是因為他們可以很快地從大災難中恢復。

D。 They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time。

D: 它們是最具恢復性的群落因為它們隨著時間變化最小。

能選出來麼?

答案基本上就是把兩句話合成了一句話。

答案選擇 B。 They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities。

這是最簡單的一道題

第一種:

定位詞所在句提供相關資訊。

相關資訊在選項中原樣呈現。

再看難一點兒的:

TPO - 4 Petroleum Resources

TPO -4 石油資源

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

What does the development of the Alaskan oil field mentioned in paragraph 4 demonstrate?

第四段中提到的阿拉斯加油田的發展說明了什麼問題?

A。 More oil is extracted from the sea than from land。

A: 石油更多地從海洋中開採而不是從陸地開採。

B。 Drilling for oil requires major financial investments。

B: 石油開採需要大量的財政投資。

C。 The global demand for oil has increased over the years。

C:全球石油需求這幾年增加了。

D。 The North Slope of Alaska has substantial amounts of oil。

D: 阿拉斯加北坡有充足的石油

關鍵詞是the development of the Alaskan oil field

先看原文:

As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments。

隨著原油越來越難發現,石油勘探已延伸到了條件更艱苦的地方。

The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries。

阿拉斯加北坡油田的發展和阿拉斯加輸油管的建造是新石油勘探需要付出巨大花銷,並克服巨大困難的典型例證。

Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean’s continental shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents。

離岸鑽井平臺把石油開採延伸到了大陸架區域。大陸架區域是大陸邊緣海底的緩坡地帶。

More than one-quarter of the world’s oil and almost one-fifth of the world’s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land。

即便離岸開採比陸地開採貴上六七倍,全球仍有超過四分之一的原油和幾乎五分之一的天然氣來源於離岸開採。

A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway。

大量的這種離岸原油來源於英國和挪威之間的北海海底。

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

相關句:The development of the oil field on the

North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries。

阿拉斯加北坡油田的發展和阿拉斯加輸油管的建造是新石油勘探需要付出巨大花銷,並克服巨大困難的典型例證。

這句話很長,我們把它分解一下:

The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska

and

the construction of the Alaska pipeline

are examples of

the great expense and difficulty

involved in

new oil discoveries。

基本上就是 A and B are examples of 。。。

expense 和 difficulty 認識不?如果不認識expense 見過 expensive 吧 ,expensive 啥意思啊,貴啊。跟什麼有關?錢啊?需要錢多還是少?多啊!貴啊!

那就是說A 和 B是 oil discoveries 中 貴和難的代表。

B怎麼樣我們不用管,我們只看A ,不過 A和B一樣。我們可以得出

A是 oil discoveries 中貴和難的代表。看選項:

A。 More oil is extracted from the sea than from land。

A: 石油更多地是從海洋中開採而不是從陸地開採。

B。 Drilling for oil requires major financial investments。

B: 石油開採需要大量的財政投資。

C。 The global demand for oil has increased over the years。

C:全球石油需求這幾年增加了。

D。 The North Slope of Alaska has substantial amounts of oil。

D: 阿拉斯加北坡有充足的石油

括號內為技巧解析。(A選項的核心是 more。。。than 比較,可以排除吧。

B選項中 financial investments 你可能不認識,暫且放一邊

C選項中有個demand, increased, over the years,你認識哪一個?跟貴和難都不沾邊兒吧,排除。

D選項可以用A代替The North Slope of Alaska,簡化為A has oil。 跟貴和難也不沾邊吧。)

這時你大膽選B就對了,如果你僥倖認識 financial investments 是財政投資,那麼你就更確定了。the great expense = major financial investments

較難的一種題:

定位詞所在句提供相關資訊。

相關資訊在選項中同意轉化。

或者是同義詞組,或者是概括。

原文章連結:

中考,高考,考研,託福,雅思,GRE英語閱讀提分寶典系列一

這類問題要求考生判斷在文章中明確陳述的資訊。考察作者在文章中某個部分提到的事實、定義、細節。一般不涉及文章的主旨大意。

明確陳述?原文怎樣,答案就怎樣?很有可能不是!

再比如:

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

根據文章第一段,下列關於

普吉灣白尾鹿的敘述正確的是?

A: It is native to lowlands and marshes。

A: 白尾鹿是低地和沼澤地的原住動物。

B: It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer。

B: 跟其他種類的鹿相比,白尾鹿與華盛頓東部騾鹿的血緣關係更近。

C: It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie。

C: 白尾鹿在廣闊的大草原上取代了黑尾鹿。

D: It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied。

D: 白尾鹿不再居住在它們曾居住的那種特定型別的棲息地。

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

關鍵詞

the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

在文章找一下吧!

Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States。

在美國太平洋西北區,華盛頓州的普吉灣,兩種鹿曾經很常見。

The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common。

現在一種在華盛頓州西部低地區生存的黑尾鹿很常見。它們是華盛頓州東部騾鹿的近親。

The other species, the Columbian

white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River。

其他種類,比如哥倫比亞白尾鹿,早些時候在廣闊的草原地區很常見,現在白尾鹿受限於哥倫比亞河流低處沿岸低的,溼地的島嶼及洪水衝擊的平原處。

相關句:

The other species, the Columbian

white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River。

其他種類,比如哥倫比亞白尾鹿,早些時候在廣闊的草原地區很常見,現在白尾鹿受限於哥倫比亞河流低處沿岸低的,溼地的島嶼及洪水衝擊的平原處。

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

觀察一下這句話。裡面有 in earlier times was common

in。。。country ; It is now。。。to。。islands and。。。River。 早些時候在某地方常見,現在。。。。這句話的邏輯很清楚。比如說舉個例子。我之前記得你很漂亮。啥意思啊?那不就是說,現在不漂亮嘛。所以早些時候在一個地方常見。那現在肯定不常見了。看選項:

A: It is native to lowlands and marshes。

A: 白尾鹿是低地和沼澤地的原住動物。

B: It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer。

B: 跟其他種類的鹿相比,白尾鹿與華盛頓東部騾鹿的血緣關係更近。

C: It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie。

C: 白尾鹿在廣闊的大草原上取代了黑尾鹿。

D: It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied。

D: 白尾鹿不再居住在它們曾居住的那種特定型別的棲息地。

A: 沒有表現變化,不選

B: more related to。。。 than。。。 跟關鍵句話題不符

C: replace 。。。 話題不一致

D: no longer lives in 。。。 it once occupied。 不再居住在 曾經佔領的地方。可以選。

本題選D 。。。 in earlier times。。。now。。。 = 。。。no longer。。。

該題也是一種同義轉換。選項和原文中的句子是同義句。

原文章連結:

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!系列二

•According to paragraph 5, which of the following has been used as evidence to suggest that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and conscious awareness of their environment?

根據第五段,下列哪一項曾用來證明舊石器時代的人們有了複雜的思維能力,並且對他們所處的環境有了主觀意識。

A。 They engraved animal figures on the shafts of spears and other objects。

他們在矛柄和其他物體上雕刻動物的畫像。

B。 They may have used engraved signs to record the phases of the Moon。

他們可能使用雕刻的標記來記錄月相。

C。 Their figuries represented the human female in exaggerated form。

他們的雕像代表了誇大的女人形象。

D。 They may have used figurines to portray an ideal type or to express a desire for fertility。

他們可能使用雕像來扮演一個理想型別或者表達對生育的渴望。

關鍵詞就是:Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

•Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings。

舊石器時代晚期的藝術不侷限於洞穴繪畫。

Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals。

許多矛柄和其他相似的物品都用動物的圖案裝飾。

The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic。

人類學家亞歷山大·馬薩克關於舊石器時代晚期的雕刻有個有趣的解讀。

He believes that as far back as 30,000 B。C。,

hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon。

他認為遠在公元前30,000年,獵人曾使用系統的標記,刻在骨頭和石頭上,來記錄月相。

If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment。

如果這是真的,那麼說明舊石器時代的人們擁有了複雜的思維能力,並對自己所處的環境有了主觀意識。

In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites。

還有其他的藝術品,代表人類女性的小雕像以誇張的形式出現在舊石器時代晚期的遺址中。

It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility。

據說,這些小雕像是人們心中理想配偶的形象或一種對生育慾望的表現形式。

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!事實資訊題 (上)!全文翻譯版

其中黃色背景的句子即為相關句。找到該句後,我們根據if this is true。 找到上一句。這兩句的翻譯如下:

hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon。 If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment。

獵人曾使用系統的標記,刻在骨頭和石頭上,來記錄月相。如果這是真的,那麼說明舊石器時代的人們擁有了複雜的思維能力,並對自己所處的環境有了主觀意識。

然後我們對比選項:

A。 They engraved animal figures on the shafts of spears and other objects。

他們在矛柄和其他物體上雕刻動物的畫像。

B。 They may have used engraved signs to record the phases of the Moon。

他們可能使用雕刻的標記來記錄月相。

C。 Their figuries represented the human female in exaggerated form。

他們的雕像代表了誇大的女人形象。

D。 They may have used figurines to portray an ideal type or to express a desire for fertility。

他們可能使用雕像來扮演一個理想型別或者表達對生育的渴望。

顯而易見

選擇B

本句話中透過關鍵詞找到了相關句,然後再轉移到上一句。

–定位詞所在句轉移到其他句。

•例子 VS 觀點

•證據 VS 理論

•概論 VS 結論

•同義詞轉化後,轉移到其他句。

–相關資訊在選項中原樣出現。

原文章連結如下

免費的託福閱讀課不看多浪費啊!系列三