Prepare for battle kids， because we‘re about to take a trip back in time in our Anglo-Saxon facts， to a time 1，600 years ago when fierce warriors ruled Great Britain！
準備戰鬥的孩子們，因為我們將要回到盎格魯撒克遜時代，回到1600年前，當兇猛的戰士統治英國的時候！
Ever wondered what it might be like stepping foot in Anglo-Saxon England？ Find everything you’ll ever need to know about these fierce people in our mighty fact file。
有沒有想過踏足盎格魯撒克遜英格蘭會是什麼感覺？在我們強大的事實檔案中找到你需要知道的關於這些兇殘的人的一切。
Anglo-Saxon facts： Who were they？
盎格魯撒克遜：他們是誰？
The Anglo-Saxons were a group of farmer-warriors who lived in Britain over a thousand years ago。
盎格魯撒克遜人是一群生活在英國一千多年前的農民戰士。
Made up of three tribes who came over from Europe， they were called the Angle， Saxon， and Jute tribes。 The two largest were the Angle and Saxon， which is how we‘ve come to know them as the Anglo-Saxons today。
他們由來自歐洲的三個部落組成，被稱為安格爾、撒克遜和黃麻部落。最大的兩個是盎格魯和撒克遜人，這就是我們今天所知道的盎格魯撒克遜人。
They were fierce people， who fought many battles during their rule of Britain – often fighting each other！ Each tribe was ruled by its own strong warrior who settled their people in different parts of the country。
他們是兇猛的民族，在他們統治英國的過程中打過很多仗——經常互相爭鬥！每一個部落都由自己強大的戰士統治，他們把自己的人民安置在國家的不同地區。
When did the Anglo-Saxons invade Britain？
盎格魯撒克遜人什麼時候入侵英國的？
The Anglo-Saxons first tried invading in the 4th century， but the Roman army were quick to send them home again！ Years later – around 450AD – the left Britain， the Anglo-Saxons seized their chance and this time they were successful！
盎格魯撒克遜人第一次試圖入侵是在4世紀，但是羅馬軍隊很快又把他們送回家了！幾年後，大約公元450年，古羅馬人離開了英國，盎格魯撒克遜人抓住了機會，這次他們成功了！
They left their homes in Germany， the Netherlands and Denmark and sailed over to Britain on wooden boats。 Many of them were farmers before they came to Britain and it’s thought they were on the look-out for new land as floodwaters back home had made it almost impossible to farm。
他們離開了在德國、荷蘭和丹麥的家，乘木船駛向英國。他們中的許多人在來到英國之前是農民，人們認為他們正在尋找新的土地，因為家鄉的洪水幾乎使他們無法耕種。
Anglo-Saxon houses
盎格魯撒克遜住宅
The Anglo-Saxons didn‘t like the stone houses and streets left by the Romans， so they built their own villages。 They looked for land which had lots of natural resources like food， water and wood to build and heat their homes， and Britain’s forests had everything they needed。 They surrounded each village with a high fence to protect cattle from wild animals like foxes and wolves， and to keep out their enemies， too！
盎格魯撒克遜人不喜歡羅馬人留下的石屋和街道，所以他們建造了自己的村莊。他們尋找有很多自然資源如食物、水和木材的土地來建造和取暖他們的家園，英國的森林有他們所需要的一切。他們用一道高高的籬笆把每個村莊圍起來，以保護牛不受狐狸和狼等野生動物的傷害，並把敵人擋在外面！
We know what Anglo-Saxon houses were like from excavations of Anglo-Saxon villages。 They were small wooden huts with a straw roof， and inside was just one room in which the whole family lived， ate， slept and socialised together – much like an ancient version of open-plan living！
我們從盎格魯撒克遜村莊的發掘中知道盎格魯撒克遜的房屋是什麼樣的。這是一間小木屋，屋頂是稻草，裡面只有一個房間，全家人在裡面一起生活、吃飯、睡覺和社交——很像古代的開放式生活！
The biggest house in the village belonged to the chief， which was large enough to house him and all his warriors – and sometimes even the oxen， too！ It was a long hall with a stone fire in the middle， and hunting trophies and battle armour hung from its walls。 There were tiny windows and a hole in the roof to allow smoke to escape。
村裡最大的房子是酋長的，房子大得足以容納他和他的所有戰士，有時甚至牛也可以！這是一個長長的大廳，中間有一堆石火，牆上掛著狩獵戰利品和戰鬥盔甲。屋頂上有小窗戶和一個可以讓煙逸出的洞。
Anglo-Saxon place names
盎格魯撒克遜地名
Many towns and villages still carry their Anglo-Saxon names today， including “England” which comes from the Saxon word “Angle-Land”。
今天，許多城鎮和村莊仍然保留著盎格魯撒克遜人的名字，包括“英格蘭”，它來自撒克遜語中的“安格爾土地”。
Early Anglo-Saxon villages were named after the leader of the tribe so everyone knew who was in charge。 If you‘d visited Reading in Anglo-Saxon times， you’d have been in Redda‘s village – Redda being the local chieftain。
早期的盎格魯撒克遜村莊是以部落首領的名字命名的，所以每個人都知道誰是負責人。如果你在盎格魯撒克遜時代訪問過雷丁，你就會到雷達的村莊——雷達是當地的酋長。
The Anglo-Saxons settled in many different parts of the country – the Jutes ended up in Kent， the Angles in East Anglia， and the Saxons in parts of Essex， Wessex， Sussex and Middlesex （according to whether they lived East， West， South or in the middle！）
盎格魯撒克遜人定居在這個國家的許多不同的地方——黃麻人最終定居在肯特，安格爾人定居在東安格利亞，撒克遜人定居在埃塞克斯、威塞克斯、蘇塞克斯和米德爾塞克斯的部分地區（根據他們居住的是東、西、南還是中部！）
Not all Roman towns were abandoned， though。 Some chiefs realised that a walled city made for a great fortress， so they built their wooden houses inside the walls of Roman towns like London。
不過，並不是所有的羅馬城鎮都被遺棄了。一些酋長意識到一座有城牆的城市是一座偉大的堡壘，於是他們在倫敦等羅馬城鎮的城牆內建造了自己的木屋。
Anglo-Saxon food
盎格魯撒克遜食物
Perhaps one of our favourite Anglo-Saxon facts is how much they liked to party！ They loved a good meal and would often host huge feasts in the chief’s hall。 Meat was cooked on the fire and they ate bread， drank beer and sang songs long into the night！
也許我們最喜歡的盎格魯撒克遜事實之一是他們多麼喜歡聚會！他們喜歡一頓豐盛的飯菜，常常在酋長的大廳裡舉行盛大的宴會。肉是在火上煮的，他們吃麵包，喝啤酒，唱歌唱到深夜！
They grew wheat， barley and oats for making bread and porridge， grew fruit and vegetables like carrots， parsnips and apples， and kept pigs， sheep and cattle for meat， wool and milk。
他們種小麥、大麥、燕麥作麵包和粥，種胡蘿蔔、防風、蘋果等水果和蔬菜，養豬、羊、牛作肉、毛、奶。
They were a very resourceful people – everything had its use and nothing went to waste。 Animal fat could be used as oil for lamps， knife handles could be made out of deer antlers and even glue could be made from cows。
他們是一個足智多謀的民族——一切都有用處，沒有浪費。動物脂肪可以用作燈油，刀柄可以用鹿角製成，甚至可以用牛製成膠水。
Anglo-Saxon clothes
盎格魯撒克遜服飾
Anglo-Saxons made their own clothes out of natural materials。 The men wore long-sleeved tunics made of wool or linen， often decorated with a pattern。 Their trousers were woollen and held up by a leather belt from which they could hang their tools such as knives and pouches。 Shoes were usually made out of leather and fastened with laces or toggles。
盎格魯撒克遜人用天然材料製作自己的衣服。這些人穿著羊毛或亞麻製成的長袖束腰外衣，通常裝飾有圖案。他們的褲子是羊毛的，繫著一條皮帶，可以把刀子和袋子等工具掛在皮帶上。鞋子通常由皮革製成，用鞋帶或套環繫緊。
The women would wear an under-dress of linen or wool and an outer-dress like a pinafore called a “peplos” which was held onto the underlayer by two brooches on the shoulders。 Anglo-Saxon women loved a bit of bling and often wore beaded necklaces， bracelets and rings， too！
女人們會穿一件亞麻或羊毛的內衣和一件叫做“peplos”的圍裙，這件圍裙是由肩膀上的兩個胸針固定在墊子上的。盎格魯撒克遜婦女喜歡一點珠寶，經常戴著串珠項鍊，手鐲和戒指。
Anglo-Saxon gods
盎格魯撒克遜神
Grand stone buildings， such as Westminster Abbey， replaced the wooden Anglo-Saxon structures after the Normans invaded in 1066。
Many of today‘s Christian traditions came from the Anglo-Saxons， but they weren’t always Christians。 When they first came over from Europe they were Pagans， worshipping lots of different gods who they believed looked different parts of their life， such as family， crop growing， weather and even war。
1066年諾曼人入侵後，威斯敏斯特大教堂等宏偉的石頭建築取代了木製的盎格魯撒克遜建築
今天的許多基督教傳統來自盎格魯撒克遜人，但他們並不總是基督徒。當他們第一次從歐洲來到這裡時，他們是異教徒，崇拜許多不同的神，他們相信這些神看起來是他們生活的不同部分，如家庭、農作物種植、天氣甚至戰爭。
The Anglo-Saxons would pray to the Pagan gods to give them good health， a plentiful harvest or success in battle。
It wasn‘t until the Pope in Rome sent over a missionary – a monk called Augustine – to England in 597AD， that the Anglo-Saxons became Christians。 Augustine convinced the Anglo-Saxon King Ethelbert of Kent to convert to Christianity and slowly the rest of the country followed suit。 Pagan temples were turned into churches and more churches （built of wood） started popping up all over Britain。
盎格魯撒克遜人會祈禱異教徒的神給他們健康，豐收或在戰鬥中取得成功。
直到公元597年羅馬教皇派一位傳教士（一位叫奧古斯丁的僧侶）到英國，盎格魯撒克遜人才成為基督徒。奧古斯丁說服了肯特的盎格魯撒克遜國王埃瑟爾伯特皈依基督教，慢慢地，這個國家的其他地方也效仿了。異教徒的寺廟變成了教堂，越來越多的教堂（用木頭建造）開始在英國遍地開花。
Who invaded after the Anglo-Saxons？
誰在盎格魯撒克遜人之後入侵？
From 793AD， the Vikings invaded Anglo-Saxon Britain several times， plundering and raiding towns and villages along the British coastline。 The Anglo-Saxons tried to hold them back but groups of Vikings eventually settled in different parts of the country， especially York （or Jorvik， as they named it） – making it the second biggest city after London。 The next invasion came in 1066AD， in one of the most famous battles of our history – the Battle of Hastings。 When the Anglo-Saxon King Edward died without an heir， a new king was chosen to rule England – King Harold II。 William the Conqueror of Normandy and Harald Hardrada， the King of Norway， weren’t keen on the new English king and thought that they both had the right to rule Britain。
從公元793年開始，維京人多次入侵盎格魯撒克遜不列顛，掠奪和襲擊不列顛海岸線上的城鎮和村莊。盎格魯撒克遜人試圖阻止他們，但維京人最終定居在該國的不同地區，特別是約克（約克，或約克，他們稱之為約克），使其成為僅次於倫敦的第二大城市。下一次入侵發生在公元1066年，歷史上最著名的戰役之一——黑斯廷斯戰役。當盎格魯撒克遜國王愛德華死後沒有繼承人，一位新國王被選來統治英格蘭——哈羅德二世國王。諾曼底征服者威廉和挪威國王哈拉爾德·哈德拉都不喜歡這位新的英國國王，認為他們都有權統治英國。
A descendant of Viking raiders， William brought his army of Normans to Britain to take on the new king， and on 14 October 1066， the two armies fought at the Battle of Hastings。 The Normans were victorious and Harold was killed。 This signalled the end of Anglo-Saxon rule in Britain。 England now had a Norman king， King William I， or William the Conqueror。
威廉是北歐海盜襲擊者的後代，他率領諾曼底軍隊來到英國迎戰新國王，1066年10月14日，兩軍在黑斯廷斯戰役中交戰。諾曼人勝利了，哈羅德被殺了。這標誌著英國盎格魯撒克遜統治的結束。英國現在有了諾曼國王威廉一世或征服者威廉。