提高九年級學生英語寫作能力的策略研究

內容摘要:

寫作是英語教學中的一個重要組成部分,是學生綜合語言能力表達的體現。本文透過對九年級學生寫作的現狀分析,強調寫作能力提高的重要性,以循序漸進為原則,結合學生的學習認知過程,由簡到難,採用過程法、訓練法等多種教學方法,透過對九年級學生進行詞彙、句子、篇章三個環節層層深入的訓練,探索提高英語寫作能力的有效途徑。

關鍵詞:

九年級學生 寫作能力 有效策略

一、現狀分析:

隨著經濟文化的全球化,英語已經成為世界各國公民必備的素養之一。英語做為一門語言工具,透過語言的口頭表達和書面表達與他人進行交流,達到語言交際的目的。九年級的學生,無論是畢業還是升學,都必須具有基本的英語素養,具有一定的語言基礎和基本技能,以及跨文化的意識和能力。英語寫作能力是英語交際能力中非常重要的一個方面。聽、說、讀、寫作為英語學習必須具備的四種基本技能,反映出了學生的語言綜合表達能力,體現學生的綜合素質和運用英語的水平。其中寫作是一種綜合能力的訓練,是把所學語言知識內化成學生自身的技能,用文字表達學生的學習和生活情況,是對語言的提煉和昇華。

九年級學生經過六年的英語學習,已經積累了一定的詞彙量,具備一定的基礎知識和基本技能。 新課標對九年級學生的寫作有更高的要求,要求學生能根據寫作要求,收集準備素材;能獨立起草短文、書信等,並在教師的指導下進行修改;能使用常見的連線詞表示順序和邏輯關係;能簡單描述人物或事件;能根據所給圖示或表格寫出簡單段落或操作說明。

九年級學生即將面臨著升學的難關,近幾年中考的書面表達題已經成為英語成績拉分檔次最大最明顯的題目。中考的書面表達要求考生所寫文章切合題意,資訊齊全,思路清晰,層次分明,書寫清楚,標點正確,句子結構正確,意思表達清楚,語言要連貫性,有邏輯性,行文要流暢。

由於受漢語母語的影響,英語學習環境的差異,英語知識水平及思維認知水平的高低等多種因素的制約,很多學生懼怕寫作,一看到寫作就頭疼,甚至每到寫作題就一片空白。老師反覆強調寫作的重要性,但收效甚微,這與老師平時缺乏系統的寫作指導,忽視對學生的思維訓練等原因有很大關係,同時由於學生寫作機會少,英語能力素質不夠,致使學生的寫作水平偏低。

從下面三篇學生習作中,我們不難看出學生在寫作中存在著各種各樣的問題:

寫生習作一:

Dear editor,

I have had a problem recently and I don’t know what to do between what I want and what my parents want。

That year, I am into to school team。 Is a best basketball

alather。

Headteacher think I am in the future to famous in basketball。 My parents thinks my study was

treebile

, I should be study to at time。 To spoken grade, that was go to good college。

Math

take me to more time, so not time to study。 My parents very angry with me, I shouldn’t be allowed to much。 My very like to play ball, think gets a lot exercises, become to supper star。

學生習作二:

Dear editor,

I have had a problem recently and I don’t know what to do between what I want and what my parents want。

This years I am a good baseball

palyer

at school team。 My PE teacher thinks I can be a ball actor in the future。 But my parents think my grades is not good , should spend more time improving in my study, can study at good school。 I take too much time on

experse

, so not take enough time on my study, their very mad。 Not allowed me join

experise

。 But I like play the ball very much, I hop I can get mire and more chance, I want to be a super actor , this is myself point。

學生習作三:

Dear editor,

I have had a problem recently and I don’t know what to do between what I want and what my parents want。

I am a good basketball player in school team。 Teacher think I will be a basketball star。 But my parents think my study is just so-so, they think I should spend much time studying。 But my practices and races spend too much time。 So I don’t have any time to study。 My parents are angry。 They don’t allowed me to practices or races。 I like plying basketball。 I want to get more exercises I want to

baskeball

player。

目前存在的問題主要有:

1. 學生寫作的儲備詞彙不足,單詞的拼寫和用法錯誤很多,而且對詞彙的詞性、詞義存在著理解上的偏差。

A:拼寫錯誤主要有:

單詞字母順序錯誤:如palyer——player,

相近單詞混淆:如supper—super math——match

單詞字母缺少:如baskeball—basketball

隨意造詞:如alather—athlete treebile—terrible experse——exercise

B:詞性理解上的偏差:

My parents

very angry

with me, I shouldn’t be allowed to much。

C:詞義理解上的偏差:如08年杭州市中考書面表達題的提示語中出現了go over lessons一詞,有相當一部分學生寫出這樣的句子:Parents think we will

go over lessons

if we go out with friends on weekends。(詞義理解上的偏差)

2. 句子主謂不一致,時態、語態和用詞的錯誤層出不窮。

That year, I am into to school team。 Is a best basketball

alather。

They don’t allowed me to practices or races。

又如:I am going to Beijing last summer holiday。

Lights must close when you leave。

3.句子框架結構混亂,基本句型不能熟練使用,漢語式英語表達隨處可見。

I should be study to at time。 To spoken grade, that was go to good college。

Math

take me to more time, so not time to study。

My very like to play ball, think gets a lot exercises, become to supper star。

this is myself point。

4. 句子與句子缺乏銜接,語言缺乏連貫性。

I want to get more exercises I want to

basketball

player。

5. 語篇內容完整,詞彙語法使用正確,但文章可讀性不強,書面表達組織能力弱。(句式單一,缺乏變化,語篇佈局不夠嚴謹。)

提高九年級學生英語寫作能力的策略研究

I asked some friends about the best ways to learn English。 Lillian thinks reading English magazines is the best way。 Wei Ming thinks studying grammar is the best way。 Liu Chang thinks joining the English club is the best way。

6. 教師過分強調寫作內容的完整以及語法和句法使用正確,忽視了從選材、立意、語篇等文學及語言組織能力和思維的訓練,忽視了對英語素養的培養。

產生上述問題的主要原因是學生思維漢語化,寫作技巧缺乏。寫作能力的提高需要教師和學生的互動,寫作是一個多層次、多角度、多渠道的教學手段,我們必須以課堂教學為主線,透過詞彙、句子、篇章層層深入的訓練,探索英語寫作教學的有效途徑。

二、理論依據和原則:

語言習得理論

著名美國語言學家克拉申(S。 D。 Krashen)在二十世紀七十年代提出了“語言習得”理論。該理論認為,人們掌握某一種語言所透過的方式主要有兩種:一種是習得(acquisition),另外一種是學習(learning)。所謂“習得”是指學習者透過與外界的交際實踐,無意識地吸收到該種語言,並在無意識的情況下,流利、正確地使用該語言。而“學習”是指有意識地研究且以理智的方式來理解某種語言(一般指母語之外的第二語言)的過程。克拉申的監控假說認為,透過“習得”而掌握某種語言的人,能夠輕鬆流利地使用該語言進行交流;而透過“學習”而掌握某種語言的人,只能運用該語言的規則進行語言的監控。透過一種語言的學習,我們發現,“習得”方式比“學習”方式顯得更為重要。因此,人們透過大量的聽和說的練習接觸語言而獲得說和寫的能力。在教學活動中設計多種語言輸出活動,包括說和寫。寫作是一個複雜的,有目標的、迴圈反覆的活動,是一個動態的過程,作者需要在寫作過程中來回思考,修改並做進一步的完善。

過程法

過程法認為寫作是一個迴圈式的心理認知過程,思維創作過程和社會互動過程。寫作者必須透過寫作過程的一系列認知,互動活動來提高自己的認知能力、互動能力和書面表達能力。過程法強調寫作不是單純的寫作技巧的訓練過程,而是將寫作的各個要素調動起來,使寫作過程具有互動性,在互評中增強合作意識和自主能力,提高英語寫作水平。

心理學

心育教育是指運用現代學習理論和心理學理論建構符合學生年齡特點、心理特點、認知特點、書面表達教學特點等規律,以激發學生內驅力,調動激情、啟用思維,訓練創造性思維、發展創作能力的教學心理輔導。以學生課堂學習習慣和情感調節為突破口,要讓學生克服畏難情緒,培養學生自信,敢於表現自我,促進學生在書面表達的過程中體驗進步、體會成功。

語言真實性原則

書面表達內容要提供給學生明確、真實的語言資訊、語言情景和語言形式要符合語言實際功能和語言規律、要使學生在一種自然真實或模擬真實的情景中體會和學習語言,在掌握語言形式的同時,培養其自我把握語言功能的能力。

循序漸進原則

設計書面表達要體現有簡到繁、由易到難的層次性,在語言技能方面,應先輸入後輸出,即遵循先聽說後說寫的設計順序,使教學成階梯式層層遞進。

學生主體性原則

在實施研究過程中,應充分發揮學生的主體作用,使學生把自己所學的知識和現實生活相結合,把學的知識內化成自己的知識,鍛鍊學生判斷、分析、推理、綜合問題的能力和收集、整理資訊的能力,以發揮學生的想象力和創造性使用英語的能力。

三、實施過程及措施:

以循序漸進為原則,結合學生的學習認知過程,由簡到難,採用過程法、訓練法等多種教學方法,透過對詞彙、句子和篇章三個環節層層深入進行訓練,逐步提高學生的書面表達能力。

(一)、強化詞句的訓練,打好寫作基礎。

1.詞彙的訓練:

英語寫作是以單詞為基石,學生必須具有一定的詞彙量,這是說話寫作的必需材料。如果沒有詞彙,任何資訊都無法表達,學生掌握的詞彙越多,他們運用語言的能力就越強,因此,寫作必須從詞彙開始訓練。單詞是構成句子的基本單位,單詞的拼寫和用法是學生學習的重點。老師要對學生進行必要的方法指導,幫助學生記憶單詞。

堅持每日朗讀和聽寫,把重點詞彙和短語整理、歸類。如在《Go for it》九年級unit2中談論過去與現在的變化時,用到很多描述人物性格和體態特徵的詞彙我們就可以進行歸納教學詞彙:quiet /outgoing /shy /serious /funny/ quiet /friendly / smart/ lazy 。。。。

學習構詞法,注意詞性、詞形的變化。

如 noise

n

。——- noisy

adj

。——noisily adv。

polite

adj

。——-impolite

adj

develop

v。

——-development

n。

——-developing/developed

adj

歸納近義詞、反義詞和相關詞,為使學生在寫作中避免上下文使用同樣的詞彙,使表達更加地道,更加得體,適當對近義詞、反義詞、相關詞的拓展,充實詞彙量。

如have trouble doing sth。——-have difficulty doing sth。

get to ——-reach——-arrive at/in

與look有關的詞彙

look for/look after/look at/look up/look over

注重一詞多義的用法。

如:We’re going to

hold

a sports meeting next week。

By

holding

the ball in my hand, I can feel how heavy it is。

The hall can

hold

five hundred people at a time。

拓展課外閱讀擴充詞彙量。選讀一些報刊雜誌上的的短文,比如利用好《學生雙語報》的閱讀文章,這類文章短小精悍,語言表達很地道,具有時代性,同時符合學生學習水平。Reading is one of the best ways to increase your vocabulary and improve your grammar in a natural and fun way。

在平時的詞彙教學中,不能孤立地使用單詞,所謂詞不離句。詞彙的教學一定要把單詞放入到語境中學習,放在句子中,文章中來記憶和掌握,讓學生遣詞造句,學會在句子中使用單詞,加深對詞彙的應用。如《Go for it》九年級unit3 Reading 3a要求學生能用課文中出現的三個片語get in the way of / be serious about / spend time on 寫出自己創造的句子。

2.句子的訓練:

如果說詞彙是文章的基石,句子則是骨架。在學生的書面表達中經常會出現結構單一、層次混亂的句子,句不達意,讓人匪夷所思。教師可以透過漢譯英的翻譯方式,瞭解中、英兩種文化的差異,語言表達的差異,幫助學生構造用詞貼切、結構正確的句子,並掌握詞語的使用場合和該句型的結構特點,以減少書面表達的語言錯誤。英語寫作不僅要求句子表達正確,而且要能寫出層次分明、結構靈活多樣的句子,因此根據需要,改變句型結構使文章顯得更加靈活生動。一般來說,簡單句結構簡單,表意明確,具有明顯的強調功能。並列句結構均衡,能體現語言的的對稱美,能收到比簡單句更好的效果。複合句則使文章的表達更加多樣化,使表達的句子更準確,更符合邏輯性。因此,在教學上要引導學生突破單一句式,採用靈活多樣的句型結構,能使文章更加生活豐富。

歸納總結各單元的句型,反覆操練所學句型和習慣用語,背誦好句好段。

如《Go for it》九年級unit1 section A 3a中討論學生學習英語的方法時,有很多句型對寫作很有幫助。

Reading English magazines is a good /great /successful way to learn English。

Studying grammar helps a lot / little。

The best way to learn English is by having conversations with foreigners。

熟悉並能熟練使用常用句式比如: It句型;There be 句型;賓語從句;狀語從句;定語從句等等。加深對常用句型的熟練使用,使句子表達更地道。

There are many people waiting for the train in the railway station。

It is clear that he won the first prize in the English speech competition。

Everyone is friendly to the little boy who’s always ready to help others。

透過句型轉換或一句多譯幫助學生更好地瞭解不同句型的用法和表達功效。

Unit 7 section A 3a

Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money。

——Tourists should spend a lot of money traveling around Paris by taxi。

——Tourists should pay a lot if they travel around Paris by taxi。

——The cost for tourists who are traveling around Paris by taxi is quite a lot。

——It is very convenient for tourists to travel around Paris by taxi, but it can cost a lot of money。

指導學生學會迂迴表達句子。當一個詞或是某些資訊表達有困難的時候,要充分利用語言本身多變的特點,採用發散性思維,進行迂迴表達,同樣能準確表達句意。要刻意把好語言關。要用自己最熟悉的句型結構和詞語,力求文理通順,語言準確。沒有把握的詞句不要寫,確有把握的可以錦上添花。

引導學生重視關聯詞的使用。書面表達不僅僅是句子的堆積,更要注重文章的連貫性和邏輯性。寫作中要求學生按照合理的順序或按一定的寫作線索選用適當的連線詞,使句與句之間的連線結構緊湊、層次分明、語義連貫,句子間的邏輯關係更加密切,使文章更具有條理性,文字連貫流暢、自然,從而達到更好的表達效果, 常用的過渡用語有:

a。 表並列或遞進: and, both…and, neither…nor, not only…but also, as well, as well as, besides, what’s more, also

b。 表選擇: or, either…or。

c。 錶轉折或讓步: but, although, though, yet, however, no matter…, after all。

d。 表對比:like, unlike, while, compared with…

e。 表舉例:for example, such as…,take …for example, in one’s opinion, in other words。

f。 表強調:in fact, of course, besides, first of all, Worse still, What’s worse

g。 表時間順序:when, after, before, as soon as, soon after, since then, then, later, next, at last, first, secondly, thirdly, finally,at the same time, afterwards, meanwhile

h。 表因果關係: because, since, as, for, for this reason, because of this, in this case, therefore, so,

i。 表結論:in a word, in one word, in short, on the whole,

to tell the truth, It shows that…, It’s quite clear that…,

It’s known to all that…, as everybody knows,…

j 表插入:I think/believe/hope/ suppose/guess, I am afraid

k。 表比較和對照:just as, in the same way, instead,

l。 表空間:on the right/ left (of), on one side of…,on the other side of, on top of, in front of, close to, opposite。

(二)、強化語篇訓練,挖掘寫作潛力。

1.

基於課本的語篇寫作訓練可以透過縮寫、轉變課文形式、續寫等方式進行訓練。教師引導學生仔細閱讀課文內容以及理解的基礎上,對課文進行加工和整理之後,比如根據課文內容縮寫短文,或者改變課文形式,對話和短文相互轉化,或者根據故事發展續寫故事發展情節等等, 學生可以按照自己的邏輯思維和話語表達原文大意,從而形成一篇源於課文但又不同於課文的新語篇,這是將知識轉化為能力的有效途徑。透過多種方式的訓練,能有效地培養學生用英語思維的習慣,提高寫作能力。

學生習作

以九年級《Go for it》為例:

改寫:把對話改寫成短文:Unit6 reading

A group of young people got together to discuss about how important in keeping healthy to you。

Peter wants to stay healthy, but he only eats food that tastes good though tasty food is bad for him, and he loves to eat meat that’s well cooked, even if it is a little burnt。

Laura never eats fast food and she stays away from sugar。 She mainly eats fruit and vegetables because she wants to take care of her health。

Tony prefers not to eat too much food that is fried, like French fries。 He thinks fast food itself isn’t always bad for you, but too much of it is not good。 He agrees it’s good to eat lots of fruit and vegetables, but he thinks it’s also fine to eat some meat or fish。 The most important thing is to have a balanced diet。

縮寫課文:Unit9 reading

Basketball is one of the most popular sports in China。 It is enjoyed by many people for fun and exercise。 It has a history of over hundred years。

Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861。 when he was at college, he was asked to invent a new game that could be played indoors during the long winters。 It is said that on December 21,1891, the first basketball game in history was played。 Then in 1936 in Berlin。 It became an Olympic event。 Since then, the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide。 Many young people dream of becoming famous basketball players。

續寫課文:Unit5 Section B 3c

No more mystery in bell Tower neighborhood

We now know what was happening in bell tower neighborhood。 The director of the local zoo says that three monkeys escaped

from the zoo. They went to Bell Tower neighborhood . In the daytime they hid themselves among the trees. At night they went outside to look for food. They made much noise ,which made the people in the Bell Tower neighborhood frightened.

2.

利用範文模仿寫作,大大降低了寫作的難度。對於知識能力水平比較薄弱的學生來說,仿寫是學會寫作的有效途徑之一。在英語學習的過程中,模仿是很重要的一種學習方式。同樣,在英語寫作中對範文中的時間、地點、人物、動詞、時態等等進行適當的改變,能有效地培養學生的寫作能力。如九年級《Go for it》unit2中section B 3c: Use the language in this unit to write about how your life has changed since primary school。 要求學生使用本單元的語言,寫一篇現在與小學的生活有那些變化。在3b中,已有一篇範文How I’ve changed。供學生參考,學生可以根據範文的提供的資訊和內容,寫一篇關於自己生活變化的文章。

學生習作 Unit2 Section B 3c

How I’ve changed!

My life has changed a lot in the past few years。 My daily life is different and I used to like different things when I was a child。 For example, I didn’t use to like tests。 Now I don’t mind them。 I used to hate English。 Now it’s my favorite class。 I used to play the piano。 Now, I am interested in swimming。 I used to walk to school。 Now, I go to school by bike。

3.

透過話題討論,限時寫作。教師選擇和單元話題有關的問題,學生以小組為單位進行討論,各抒己見,然後歸納語言要點,寫出寫作提綱,這樣能使每個學生都有話可說、有話可寫,在此基礎上進行寫作,學生會寫,也願意寫。當然,討論式的話題作文儘量與單元話題有關,貼近學生生活,符合他們的認知水平,既要能擴大學生的資訊量,又能拓寬學生的視野。

如九年級的教材中很多單元都有可以討論的話題,運用單元所學內容和已有的語言知識組織學生討論,再行寫作。

unit1:the ways to learn English, the ways to deal with problems。

Unit2: the changes of our life、 hometown、environment and so on

Unit3: school rules and family rules

Unit4: how to deal with problems and accidents

Unit6: students’ hobbies

Unit7: vacations

Unit8: volunteering

Unit12:manners

Unit15:protecting animals

在08年和09年的杭州市中考中,討論的話題內容和模式都與unit3的內容相聯絡,貼近學生生活實際,能讓他們進行發散性思維。下面是學生經過小組討論後,在此基礎上寫成的一篇習作:

學生習作: Should students have their hair curled?

We’ve recently had a discussion about whether middle school students should have their hair curled。 In my school some students have their hair curled。 Many students disagree。 Because they think if they have hair curled, it can influence on their studies, and it cost much money。 But some students agree。 Because they think it doesn’t have bad effect on studies, and a good hair style makes one confident and feel good about herself。 I think it can influence on their hair when having hair curled。 It can make hair go bad。 I think it’s too early for middle school students to have their hair curled。 Students should pay more attention to their studies。 I don’t think that students should have their hair curled。

4。透過日記方式,自由寫作。知識在於平時的積累,寫作中的素材更是來源於生活。教師應鼓勵學生把平時的所見所聞、所思所想用日記的形式把它記錄下來。教師把寫作話題的選擇權交給學生,讓學生展開聯想,大膽創新,大膽表達,這樣有利於學生充分發揮他們的想象力,能讓他們自由的表達自己的思想,頭腦中積累了一定的材料,寫作文就能得心應手了。話題多數圍繞自己的學習生活情況,如:my family、 my school life、 my friends 、my problems and so on 。

5。透過課外拓展,進行開放性話題的寫作。開放性的話題作文首次出現在07年杭州市中考的書面表達題中,它將是此後幾年書面表達題的趨向。這個題型對學生的寫作要求更高,內容的涉及面更廣。因此,在平時的課外訓練中讓學生自選主題,廣泛閱讀材料,查閱字典並組織材料,寫出以能發表自己觀點的文章。比如:以“the way to relax”為話題,要求學生在同學之間展開調查,並能發表自己的觀點和看法。話題和生活很貼近,學生的觀點也各不相同,這樣容易培養學生的興趣,拓寬他們的知識面,培養寫作能力。

學生習作:

Now students spend much time on their studies and join all kinds of activities 。they’re too busy to have time to relax themselves。 They feel tired and nervous。 But how to relax ourselves? 42 students think watching TV and playing computer games are good ways, and 8 students like listening to music when they feel tired。5 students do some sports to relax themselves。 And another 5 students have no time for relaxing because they are busy with their lessons。 As for me ,I like listening to music。 I think it’s the best way to help relax because I feel happy and relaxed when I am listening to music。

(三)強化反饋評價,提升寫作能力

作文的批改是一項繁瑣的工作,但它卻是紮實語言基礎、提高英語寫作的有效途徑。作文如果不批改、不講評,那麼學生在書面表達中的錯誤得不到及時的糾正,會使書面表達流於形式。對於語言和語篇錯誤的講評有利於學生避免漢語式英語表達。教師對學生的講評要採取激勵性的評價,採用擇優評價的機制,從詞-句-段-篇等各方面挖掘學生作文中的可取之處。透過教師對學生的個體評價,學生對學生的互評,師生共同評價等途徑幫助學生獲取更多的反饋資訊,取長補短,互相學習,達到提升寫作能力的目的。

1.教師對學生個體進行評價。完成書面表達後,教師對每個學生進行面批面改,雖然這樣做,工作量很大,但是及時指出學生語言上的錯誤,表達上的不規範,以及語篇佈局的不合理等缺點,指導學生如何用英語思維、用地道的語言表達句子意思,巧妙自然地使用連線詞等,對學生寫作能力的提高是很有幫助的。

2.讓學生共同參與, 互改互評是做好作文及時反饋的途徑之一。生透過對他人文章的粗讀-精讀-品讀,瞭解他人寫作中的長處和缺點,瞭解自己和他人常犯的錯誤,增加相互學習的機會,激發學生的寫作能力,培養學生自我評價的能力。

3.師生共同評價有助於提高學生的寫作能力。師可以選出不同層次的學生習作,用多媒體在課堂上展示,對文章的佈局,詞彙的使用,句子的表達,句式的變化,過渡的自然以及語篇的流暢一一做出點評,對典型性的錯誤進行歸納總結,提出今後注意的地方,以便及時訂正;對作文中優美的詞句和表達進行圈點,讓學生加以借鑑,以便最佳化今後的文章。透過多種評價方式,激勵學生寫作熱情,激發學生寫作興趣,提高學生寫作能力。

學生習作:( studying in the UK )

Dear Sara,

Nice to receive your e-mail the other day。 You asked me if I would like to go to study in England。 I hope study other countries culture。 And it can develop the ability to live alone。 Also I can study English。 It can make me speak English very well。 But my parents don’t agree to me。 They think it can economic burden of the family and I can miss family。 Also they think I don’t have they instructions, I can get bad。 Do you agree with me?

Yours

Li Ming

一次修改(學生A修改):

Dear Sara,

Nice to receive your e-mail the other day。 You asked me if I would like to go to study in England。 I hope

∧to

study other countries

culture。 And it can develop the ability to live alone。 Also I can study English。 It can make me speak English very well。 But my parents don’t agree

to

with

) me。 They think it can economic burden of the family and I can miss family。 Also they think I don’t have

they

their

) instructions, I can get bad。 Do you agree with me?

Yours

Li Ming

二次修改(學生B修改)

Dear Sara,

Nice to receive your e-mail the other day。 You asked me if I would like to go to study in England。 I hope

to

study other countries

culture。 And it can

∧help

develop the ability to live alone。 Also I can study English。 It can make me speak English very well。 But my parents don’t agree

with

me。 They think it can

add to

economic burden of the family and I can miss family。 Also they think I don’t have

their

instructions, I can

get bad

。(不知道這麼改) Do you agree with me?

Yours

Li Ming

三次修改(教師修改後)

Dear Sara,

Nice to receive your e-mail the other day。 You asked me if I would like to go to study in England。 I hope

to

study

learn about

other countries

culture

culture in foreign countries

) And it can

help

develop the ability to live alone。 Also I can study English

and

it can make me speak English very well。 But my parents don’t agree

with

me。 They think it can

add to

economic burden of the family and I

can

may

)miss

∧my

family。 Also they think

∧if

I don’t have

their

instructions, I

can get bad

will behave badly

) 。 Do you agree with me?

Yours

Li Ming

範文:

Dear Sara,

Nice to receive your e-mail the other day。 You asked me if I would like to study in England。 To tell the truth, it’s a good chance for me to study abroad。 Because I can know more about foreign countries and it helps develop the ability to live and study on my own。 The most important thing is that I have more opportunities to learn English very well。

However, my parents don’t think so。 In their opinion, studying in the UK will cost a lot and it will add to economic burden of the family。 Perhaps I will miss them so much that I can’t study well。 What’s more, they are worried about that I may not behave well without their instructions。

What shall I do? Could you give me some advice?

Yours

Li Ming

4。 建立寫作檔案,能比較全面地評價學生寫作的實際水平和發展過程,能有效地促進學生寫作水平的提高。首先指導學生摘錄好詞好句,把所見、所聞、所想寫在卡片上,放入寫作檔案中。其次指導學生把自己經過多次修改的習作放入寫作檔案中。再次鼓勵學生要經常把寫作檔案拿出來與他人共享。資源共享能更好地促進學生之間進行互賞,取長補短,更全面地提高學生在寫作方面的綜合水平。

(四)強化應試技巧,獲取寫作高分

杭州市近幾年的中考書面表達題都體現了交際性、涉外性、工具性原則,既有指導性的寫作,又有開放性的寫作,如09年的

書面表達題,半開放式的寫作要求將基礎和能力完美結合。該部分要求考生就平時校園生活中可能接觸的“是否參加校籃球隊”這一話題,透過與父母的討論,將討論結果和自己的觀點撰寫出來。此話題來自於學生的生活,考生們都有話可說,充分發揮考生的創新能力。

而且本題型是學生最難把握,最難得高分的題型。平時的訓練固然很重要,但是考前的技巧輔導更有價值。

杭州中考書面表達常見題型:

提高九年級學生英語寫作能力的策略研究

1.做好“書面表達”題

(1)認真審題,確定體裁,明確表達要點;

(2)緊緊圍繞內容要點表達,既不添枝加葉,又不遺漏要點;

(3)譴詞造句必須符合語言規範,切忌硬譯、亂譯、避免中文式的英語,或根據語法編造一些不地道的語言;

(4)揚長避短,注意語言的靈活運用;

(5)正確使用時態、語態、標點符號和字母的大小寫,注意主謂一致和單詞拼寫的準確性。

(6)力求做到內容完整、文字通達、書寫規範、條理清楚、卷面整潔、篇幅適中。

:寫一篇介紹性的文章:Hangzhou Zoo

地址:杭州虎跑路,西湖

之南

(to the south of) 建園時間:1958年

1。有種類170多種,如老虎,獅子,熊貓等

2。 有很多花草樹木,因此非常漂亮。

3。附近有許多賓館,可以住宿,離西湖很近

4。 有許多公交車直達,交通便利。

先列出要點:It’s on Hupao Road。It is to the south of the West Lake。

It was built in 1958。

There are more than 170 kinds of animals,such as tigers,lions,pandas and so on。

There are many flowers and trees。 It is very beautiful。

There are many hotels nearby to live in。 They are near the West Lake。

It is very convenient to get there。 A lot of buses go there。

學生習作一:

It is on Hupao Road。 It is to the north of the West Lake。 It was built in 1958。 There are 170 kinds of animals, such as tigers, lions, pandas and so on。 There are many flowers and trees。 It is very beautiful。 There are many hotels nearby to live in。 They are near the West Lake。 It is very convenient to get there。 A lot of buses go there。

學生習作二:

I’d like to tell you something about

Hangzhou Zoo。 It

lies

on Hupao Road,

and is

to the south of the West Lake。 As

a modern zoo

, it was built in 1958。

Now

there are more than 170 kinds of animals, such as tigers, lions, pandas and so on。

Trees and flowers are all around there

so

it is very beautiful。

If

you want to stay in hangzhou for some days, the hotels nearby on Nanshan Road are

your best choice

which

are not far from the West Lake。

What’s more

, a lot of buses go there, you can take any of them。 It is very convenient 。

Anyone who comes here will have a good time!

從兩篇文章比較我們不難看出:習作一要點齊全,內容完整,語法正確,但可讀性不強,句式過於單一。習作二在此基礎上,選擇正確的表達形式,正確使用結構詞和過渡句,使表達內容連貫,渾然一體。

2.遵循步驟:

a、細讀說明,認真審題 b、依據情境,抓住資訊 c、選片語句,避難求易

d、連句成篇,行文連貫 e、仔細核對,查缺補漏 f、謄寫規範,卷面整潔

總之,一篇完美的書面表達要做到佈局精細化、詞彙高階化、表達地道化、句式多樣化、銜接自然化、語篇流暢化、卷面整潔化。

四、結論與反思

透過一年的實踐,在師生雙方共同的努力下,我們取得了不少成果。

全體42人,三次考試的書面表達題成績分佈:

提高九年級學生英語寫作能力的策略研究

從學生個體來看,以學生倪銘為例:

習作一:

(要求學生描寫學生活動)

Now class is over。 Many

students on

(缺少are)the playground。 Look! Some

students reading

(缺少are)books under the tree。 And some students

is

(應該把is 改成are)playing basketball。 Also a

fewer

(去掉er)students is

surf

(需要新增ing )the internet。 And many students

is

(應該把is 改成are)taking a walk on the playground。 We have a good time 。 I hope you

can happy

(缺少be)。 從這篇文章來看,該學生有一定的語言功底,單詞拼寫完全正確,但對句子結構卻無法正確把握,我們能從中找出很多的語法錯誤。

習作二:

(寫一封不能參加生日聚會的回信)

Dear Tom,

Thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday party。 I’d love to go but I can’t come。 My

parents not

(缺少are)at home。 They are so busy that they won’t come back home until next month。 My grandmother is ill

on

(應改為in) bed, so I must look after her。 Also the English test is coming and I have to study for it。 I’m very sorry but I hope you will have a good time。

Mike

從這篇文章我們可以看出:儘管學生在習作中還有一些語言應用上的錯誤,但整篇文章結構比較合理,句與句之間過渡自然,而且還能使用不同的句式,簡單句並列句和複合句使用正確,使整篇文章可讀性很強。

透過一年來對學生進行由難而易、循序漸進地訓練,培養了學生的觀察能力、語言運用能力、思維能力和書寫能力。

1. 學生克服了英語寫作中的畏難情緒,樹立了信心,激發了他們的寫作興趣。

2. 學生養成了良好的語言習得習慣,提升了他們的英語語感能力和綜合運用語言的能力。

3. 學生透過多角度、多層次的訓練發展了他們的英語語言思維能力,提高了他們的寫作能力。

總而言之,提高學生的寫作能力不是一朝一夕的事情,不是一蹴而就的,而是一個厚積薄發的過程。它是一個漸進的過程,它需要長期的積累,需要師生雙方共同的努力,遵循語言的發展規律,遵循學生的學習規律,寫作是把已學的知識內化成自己的語言,用文字把它表現出來的過程。在過去的一年中,我始終把知識的積累貫穿在每日的課堂教學中,創設良好的語言環境,積累寫作素材,指導寫作技巧,讓學生去領略、去體會、學會用英語與人進行口頭和書面交流,更重要的是學會用英語去思考問題和解決問題,讓學生有話可說,有事可寫;善於寫作,樂於寫作。