教學內容：英文寫作
適合人群：英語教師、英語專業學生、初高中生等
一篇有效地作文需要對句式不斷變化。如果通篇只採用一個句式或幾個句式，那麼這篇文章是很單調乏味的。通常來講，主要有四個基本的思路來讓句式靈活起來：
1 新增一個並列句
2 新增一個從句
3 以獨特的單詞或片語開頭
4 並列形容詞或動詞
新增一個並列句
前文已經講過並列句，簡單來說就是兩個句子透過並列連詞連線在一起，每個句子單獨拿出來都可以，誰也不依賴於誰。
第一組句子：
The whether was cold and windy。
Al brought a thick blanket to the football game。
改後：The weather was cold and windy, so Al brought a thick blanket to the football game.
第二組句子：
I tried to sleep。
The thought of tomorrow’s math exam kept me awake。
改後：I tried to sleep, but the thought of tomorrow’s math exam kept me awake.
第三組句子：
My son can’t eat peanut butter snacks or sandwiches。
He is allergic to peanuts。
改後：My son can’t eat peanut butter snacks or sandwiches, for he is allergic to peanuts.
第四組句子：
This diner has its own bakery。
It has take-out service as well。
改後：This diner has its own bakery and it has take-out service as well.
第五組句子：
The cardboard storage boxes were soggy。
Rainwater had seeped into the basement during the storm。
改後：Rainwater had seeped into the basement during the storm, so the cardboard storage boxes were soggy.
第六組句子：
I didn’t have enough money to buy my parents an anniversary present。
I offered to mow their lawn for the whole summer。
改後：I didn’t have enough money to buy my parents an anniversary present, but I offered to mow their lawn for the whole summer.
新增一個從句
從句是一種從屬關係，主句可以單獨成為一個句子，但從句不可以。通常從句由從屬連詞連線，引導狀語從句，名詞性從句等。我們在轉變句式時，可以連線透過新增從屬連詞來連線主從句。如：
第一組句子：
I was late to the party。
I did not get any birthday cake。
改後：
Because I was late to the party， I did not get any birthday cake。
第二組句子：
There was prolonged applause。
He began to speak。
改後：
There was prolonged applause when he began to speak。
第三組句子：
We should strike。
The iron is hot。
改後：
We should strike while the iron is hot。
第四組句子：
I visit Shanghai。
I‘ll travel up the Yangtze。
改後：
After I visit Shanghai I’ll travel up the Yangtze。
第五組句子：
I shall stay here。
I‘ve completed my studies。
改後：
I shall stay here until （till） I’ve completed my studies。
第六組句子：
He failed。
He was too careless。
改後：
He failed because he was too careless。
第七組句子：
It was already rather dark。
We decided to stop at the temple for the night。
改後：
As it was already rather dark， we decided to stop at the temple for the night。
第八組句子：
They did the job quite well。
They had no experience。
改後：
They did the job quite well considering （that） they had no experience。
第九組句子：
nobody was very enthusiastic about it。
They decided to cancel the trip。
改後：
Seeing that nobody was very enthusiastic about it， they decided to cancel the trip。
第十組句子：
I‘ll lend you the book。
You return it on Monday。
改後：
I’ll lend you the book on condition （that） you return it on Monday。
當然，也可以轉化成定語從句和名詞性從句，不過此時的從句就不再像狀語從句那樣相對比較獨立，而是成為了別的句子中的不可或缺的一個部分。定語從句和名詞性從句連線詞多數為代詞和副詞，要在句子當中充當成分，而狀語從句連線詞多為連詞，不在句子當中充當成分。
以獨特的單詞或片語開頭
1 以-ed過去分詞開頭
Concerned about his son’s fever， Paul called a doctor。
Exhausted， Elaine felt that starting the housework at such a late hour would be ridiculous。
Surprised at my reaction， she tried to console me。
Scared and pale， he answered very slowly。
Impressed by the way the girl carried herself， John， who had never met someone as irresistible as her， suddenly lost all his confidence。
2 以-doing現在分詞開頭
Humming softly， the woman browsed through the rack of dresses。
Considering numerous disadvantages of studying abroad， many students choose to study in their own country。
Thinking of the great pain animals suffered， I wish I had not eaten them。
Hoping that less pollution will be produced， the government has made many more strict laws。
Walking along the beach， we saw the sun rise majestically over the ocean。
3 以-ly副詞開頭
Hesitantly， Sue approached the instructor’s desk。
Occasionally， people give their money to the poor。
Sadly， I wish September had never arrived。
Unfortunately， there are thousands of thousands of people dying because of starvation。
4 以to do不定式開頭
To protect her hair， Eva uses the lowest setting on her below dryer。
To save the endangered animals， we should raise the public’s awareness。
To reduce the crime rate， the government should take strong and harsh measures。
To let children go to better universities， parents can do everything。
5 以介詞短語開頭
During the exam， drops of water fell from the ceiling。
With great force， Jim hit the ball。
With much chagrin， the skydiver realized， in free-fall， that she forgot her parachute。
6 以形容詞開頭
The caretaker， old and cranky， refused to answer our questions。
Old and cranky， the caretaker refused to answer our questions。
7 倒裝省略等特殊句式
When asked who should take the responsibility， nobody answers。
Only in this way can we solve the problem。
Believe it or not， we cannot live without advertisements。
Much to the people’s surprise， the government should refuse to punish those polluting enterprises
例如：
第一組
Shirley signed the repair contract。 She was reluctant。
① Shirley was reluctant to sign the repair contract。（普通）
② Reluctantly， Shirley signed the repair contract。（特殊）
第二組
The interns volunteered to work overtime。 They wanted to improve their chances of promotion。
① The interns volunteered to work overtime to improve their chances of promotion。 （普通）
② To improve their chances of promotion， the interns volunteered to work overtime。 （特殊）
第三組
The accused murderer grinned at the witnesses。 He did this during the trial。
① The accused murderer grinned at the witnesses during the trial。 （普通）
② During the trial， the accused murderer grinned at the witnesses。 （特殊）
第四組
The vet’s office was noisy and confusing。 It was crowed with nervous pets。
① The vet’s office was noisy and confusing because it was crowed with nervous pets。
② Crowed with nervous pets， the vet’s office was noisy and confusing。 （特殊）
第五組
Barry tried to find something worth watching。 He flipped from channel to channel。
① Barry tried to find something worth watching so he flipped from channel to channel。 （普通）
② Barry flipped from channel to channel to find something worth watching。 （普通）
③ To find something worth watching， Barry flipped from channel to channel。
（特殊）
④ Trying to find something worth watching， Barry flipped from channel to channel。 （特殊）
並列形容詞或動詞
將形容詞或動詞等詞並列，能造成一種排比的句式，句式較有氣勢。如：
第一組
Jesse spun the basketball on one finger。
He rolled it along his arms。
He dribbled it between his legs。
改成：Jesse spun the basketball on one finger, rolled it along his arms, and dribbled it between his legs.
第二組
The baby toddled across the rug。
He picked up a button。
He put the button in his mouth。
改成：
The baby toddled across the rug， picked up a button， and put it in his mouth。
第三組
The water dribbled out of the tap。
The water was brown。
The water was foul-tasting。
The tap was rusty。
The tap was metal。
改成：
The brown and foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty and metal tap。
第四組
By 6 a。m。， I had read the textbook chapter。
I had taken notes on it。
I had studied the notes。
I had drunk eight cups of coffee。
改成：
By 6 a。m。， I had read the textbook chapter， taken notes on it， studied the notes and drunk eight cups of coffee。
第五組
The exterminator approached the wasp’ nests hanging under the eaves。
The nests were large。
The nests were papery。
The eaves were old。
The eaves were wooden。
改成：
The exterminator approached the wasp’ large and papery nests hanging under the old and wooden eaves。
練習：
將如下句子連線成為一個整句。
1 Sophie had repaired her broken watchband with a paper clip。
The clip snapped。
The watch slid off her wrist。
_________________________________
2 The physical therapist watched。
Julie tried to stand on her weakened legs。
They crumpled under her。
_________________________________
3 There were parking spaces on the street。
Richie pulled into an expensive garage。
He did not want to risk damage to his new car。
_________________________________
4 The truck was speeding。
The truck was brown。
The truck skidded on some ice。
The truck almost hit a police officer。
The police officer was startled。
The police officer was young。
_________________________________
5 The rainstorm flooded our basement。
The rainstorm was sudden。
The rainstorm was terrible。
It knocked slates off the roof。
It uprooted a young tree。
________________________________
6 A sudden cold front hit the area。
Temperatures dropped thirty degrees in less than an hour。
My teeth began to chatter。
I was not wearing a warm jacket。
_________________________________
7 Vern works as a model。
He has to look his best。
He gained ten pounds recently。
He had to take off the extra weight。
He would have lost his job。
________________________________
8 The ball game was about to begin。
A dog ran onto the field。
The dog began nipping the infielders’ ankles。
The game had to be delayed。
The dog was chased away。
________________________________
9 The lion was hungry。
It watched the herd of gazelle closely。
A young or sick animal wandered away from the group。
The lion would move in for the kill。
______________________________
10 My aunt decided to find a helpful form of exercise。
She was suffering from arthritis。
She learned that swimming is very healthful。
It works every muscle group in the body with straining the muscles。
_________________________________
（完）